webserver/add-vhost.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# add-vhost.sh — Add an Apache virtual host on Ubuntu 24.04
#
# Hybrid: pass args to skip prompts, omit them to be asked.
#
#   sudo ./add-vhost.sh                          # fully interactive
#   sudo ./add-vhost.sh example.com              # domain set, rest prompted
#   sudo ./add-vhost.sh example.com /var/www/ex  # domain + root set
#
# Non-interactive (CI / scripted) — set env vars, prompts auto-skip:
#   sudo DOMAIN=example.com MAKE_DB=yes RUN_TLS=yes ./add-vhost.sh
#
set -euo pipefail

PHP_VER="8.3"

log()  { printf '\n\033[1;32m==> %s\033[0m\n' "$*"; }
warn() { printf '\033[1;33m!!  %s\033[0m\n' "$*"; }
die()  { printf '\033[1;31mXX  %s\033[0m\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }

[[ $EUID -eq 0 ]] || die "Run as root: sudo bash $0"

# Prompt only if stdin is a terminal; else rely on env/args (non-interactive).
interactive() { [[ -t 0 ]]; }

# ask VAR "Question" "default"  — sets VAR from env, else arg-passed, else prompt, else default
ask() {
    local __var="$1" __q="$2" __def="${3:-}" __cur="${!1:-}"
    [[ -n "$__cur" ]] && return                       # already set (env or earlier arg)
    if interactive; then
        local __ans
        read -rp "$__q${__def:+ [$__def]}: " __ans
        printf -v "$__var" '%s' "${__ans:-$__def}"
    else
        printf -v "$__var" '%s' "$__def"
    fi
}

ask_yn() {  # ask_yn VAR "Question" default(yes/no)
    local __var="$1" __q="$2" __def="${3:-no}" __cur="${!1:-}"
    [[ -n "$__cur" ]] && return
    if interactive; then
        local __ans
        read -rp "$__q [$( [[ $__def == yes ]] && echo Y/n || echo y/N )]: " __ans
        __ans="${__ans:-$__def}"
        case "$__ans" in [Yy]*) printf -v "$__var" yes;; *) printf -v "$__var" no;; esac
    else
        printf -v "$__var" '%s' "$__def"
    fi
}

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Gather inputs:  positional args win, then env, then prompt
#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DOMAIN="${DOMAIN:-${1:-}}"
WEB_ROOT="${WEB_ROOT:-${2:-}}"

ask DOMAIN   "Domain (e.g. example.com)"
[[ -n "$DOMAIN" ]] || die "Domain required"
# Basic sanity: letters/digits/dots/hyphens only
[[ "$DOMAIN" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9.-]+$ ]] || die "Invalid domain: $DOMAIN"

ask WEB_ROOT "Web root" "/var/www/${DOMAIN}"
ask ADMIN_EMAIL "Admin email (for TLS)" "admin@${DOMAIN}"
ask_yn MAKE_DB "Create matching MySQL database + user?" no
ask_yn RUN_TLS "Request Let's Encrypt TLS now (DNS must point here)?" no

VHOST_FILE="/etc/apache2/sites-available/${DOMAIN}.conf"

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
log "Web root: ${WEB_ROOT}"
#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
mkdir -p "$WEB_ROOT"
if [[ ! -f "${WEB_ROOT}/index.html" && -z "$(ls -A "$WEB_ROOT" 2>/dev/null)" ]]; then
    echo "<h1>${DOMAIN} works</h1>" > "${WEB_ROOT}/index.html"
fi
chown -R www-data:www-data "$WEB_ROOT"

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
log "Write vhost: ${VHOST_FILE}"
#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
[[ -f "$VHOST_FILE" ]] && warn "Overwriting existing ${VHOST_FILE}"
cat > "$VHOST_FILE" <<EOF
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName ${DOMAIN}
    ServerAlias www.${DOMAIN}
    DocumentRoot ${WEB_ROOT}

    <Directory ${WEB_ROOT}>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${DOMAIN}-error.log
    CustomLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${DOMAIN}-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
EOF

a2ensite -q "${DOMAIN}.conf"
apache2ctl configtest || die "Apache config test failed — fix before reload"
systemctl reload apache2
log "Site enabled + Apache reloaded"

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
if [[ "$MAKE_DB" == "yes" ]]; then
log "Create database + user"
    # DB name from domain: example.com -> example_com
    DB_NAME="$(echo "$DOMAIN" | tr '.-' '__')"
    DB_USER="${DB_NAME:0:32}"   # MariaDB user max 32 chars (10.4+ allows 80, stay safe)
    # Generate random password
    DB_PASS="$(openssl rand -base64 18 | tr -d '/+=' | head -c 20)"

    mariadb <<SQL
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS \`${DB_NAME}\` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS '${DB_USER}'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${DB_PASS}';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \`${DB_NAME}\`.* TO '${DB_USER}'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SQL
    # Save creds to a root-only file next to web root
    CRED_FILE="/root/${DOMAIN}.db-credentials.txt"
    cat > "$CRED_FILE" <<EOF
Domain   : ${DOMAIN}
Database : ${DB_NAME}
Username : ${DB_USER}
Password : ${DB_PASS}
Host     : localhost
EOF
    chmod 600 "$CRED_FILE"
    warn "DB created. Credentials saved: ${CRED_FILE} (root-only)"
    echo "    DB=${DB_NAME}  USER=${DB_USER}  PASS=${DB_PASS}"
fi

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
if [[ "$RUN_TLS" == "yes" ]]; then
log "Request TLS certificate (certbot)"
    if command -v certbot >/dev/null; then
        certbot --apache -d "$DOMAIN" -d "www.${DOMAIN}" \
            -m "$ADMIN_EMAIL" --agree-tos --redirect -n \
            || warn "Certbot failed — check DNS points to this server, retry manually"
    else
        warn "certbot not installed. Install: apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache"
    fi
fi

#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
log "Done: ${DOMAIN}"
#─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cat <<EOF

  Domain    : http://${DOMAIN}$( [[ $RUN_TLS == yes ]] && echo "  (https enabled)" )
  Web root  : ${WEB_ROOT}
  Vhost     : ${VHOST_FILE}
  Logs      : /var/log/apache2/${DOMAIN}-{error,access}.log
$( [[ $MAKE_DB == yes ]] && echo "  DB creds  : /root/${DOMAIN}.db-credentials.txt" )

  No TLS yet? After DNS points here:
    certbot --apache -d ${DOMAIN} -d www.${DOMAIN} -m ${ADMIN_EMAIL} --agree-tos --redirect
EOF